Multiple Intelligence

Dr Howard Gardener states that intelligence is not a single entity that can be measured using IQ tests. He believes there are many forms of intelligence, and that what we know, understand and learn is achieved in different ways. Each person is born with a unique blend of intelligence. We all have these intelligences; however some are more developed than others so we do not use some as effectively. 

Meta-cognition 

Intelligence develops in stages. Teachers can modify the intelligence of learners. Thinking can be taught, meta-cognition is learning about learning and developing thinking skills. 

Stages of the development of intelligence

• Stimulation - The child encounters the stimulus in every day experiences, thus helping the development of the dominant intelligence. 
• Amplification - The child begins to interact and become aware of their community, which develops the dominant intelligence further. 
• Learning and Understanding - The developing intelligence is refined through problem solving and structured learning. 
• Transferring and Effecting - Skills and abilities relevant to a given intelligence can be used in a variety of context. 

Gardener's vision for education

• Matching - Adapting teaching structure for different intelligences, making learning easier for pupils. This will boost self-esteem and motivation. 
• Stretching - Develop intelligences in children that may not be as developed as others, helping pupils achieve their goals (vocational and academic).
• Celebrating - Understand that not everyone learns in the same way, and each child has a unique blend of strengths and weaknesses and embrace their strengths.

Achievement improves when a child understands their own unique blend of intelligence, strengths and weaknesses. This will provide the child with the confidence to admit their weakness in order to develop it because they already know where they excel.

An interesting clip featuring Dr Howard Gardner, which briefly explains multiple intelligences and looks at the 'eight' unique multiple intelligences that Dr Howard Gardner suggests in his theory.

References

Sian Sanders (2013)